2/28/2023 0 Comments Zotz strainThen, plates were grown under long-day chamber conditions (16 h light/8 h dark, 23☌, 130 μE m −2 s −1, 70% relative humidity). Stratification was performed over three days at 4 ☌. The MS solid medium contained 0.8% phytoagar, Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salt mixture (0.4% Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, USA), sucrose (1%), and 10 mM MES (2-( N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid) buffer, adjusted to pH 5.5 with Tris base (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane). For in vitro culture, seeds were surface-sterilized with commercial bleach and rinsed with sterile water. Thus, promoting the growth of any of these microorganism may increase plant yield and therefore using a yeast model system may unveil a biostimulant effect that affects microbial growth.Ī detailed description of plant assays can be found in. In addition, it has been proposed that the effect of the biostimulant may not be exerted directly to the plant but to the endophytic or non-endophytic bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Regarding the response to abiotic stress, yeast has been previously proposed as a model organism for the study of stress tolerance in plants. A large number of metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms are similar between this organism and plants, making it a suitable model, since it facilitates the understanding of the biological phenomena that occur in more complex organisms. It is easily manipulated in the laboratory, with the genome completely sequenced and highly characterized. The baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular, non-pathogenic fungus with a high growth rate. The use of model organisms in laboratory-based tests can circumvent most of the problems and asses the functionality of each biostimulant in a cheap and fast manner. Validating the efficiency of uncharacterized biostimulants directly in field experiments with crops can be long and expensive due to the requirements of time and infrastructure. This method enables a fast screen of many different products, in order to select potential candidates to be marketed as biostimulants, avoiding long and expensive field tests with previously uncharacterized products. As each product is tested on different organisms at different developmental stages, we could get some preliminary information on the mode of action. We could also test the effects of the biostimulants during germination, vegetative, and reproductive growth, under normal and stressed conditions. Besides, this laboratory-based method allowed to assess the potential toxicity or unsuspected deleterious effect of each extract in a short period of time (six months) with low budget and space requirements. The designed method provided relevant data on the ability of each extract to promote biomass accumulation under normal conditions and in the presence of abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, or cold. The method is completed with two plant assays to assess effects on germination and growth. Firstly, yeast assays consist in a drop test in solid medium, and a BioScreen ® test with liquid cultures. We have designed a sequential system based on two different biological model organisms-the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana-to evaluate the potential as biostimulants of a battery of 11 different natural extracts on a blind-test basis. Under adverse environmental conditions, biostimulants can help crops withstand abiotic stress while increasing productivity.
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